Ds3 History
T3 and T1 lines were designed as part of family of digital network services for the telephone companies called the T-Carrier system. This is not exactly new technology.
The first T1 lines went into service in the late 1950s. What is new is the availability and reasonable pricing of T3 and DS3 services to non-telecom carrier businesses.
If you have a large organization, perhaps you want that 45 Mbps as your Internet service connection. If you need a lot more bandwidth than the 1.5 Mbps delivered by a T1 line, it might be time to step up to DS3 service delivered on a T3 line. In addition, there are two types of T3 circuits. The oldest is channelized T3 which is used to transport digitized telephone calls. Each channel is 64 Kbps wide and carries one phone call. A T1 line can carry 24 of these DS0 channels. A T3 line carries 672 of them or 28 DS1s. A device called an M13 Multiplexer combines the 28 DS1s and gets them aligned in the proper time slots to make a DS3, which can then be carried on a T3 line. The other type of T3 format is unchannelized.
The physical connection from your equipment to the phone line Network Interface Unit consists of two 75 ohm coaxial cables with BNC connectors. That's different from a T1 line which gives you an RJ-48 jack at the NIU for use with unshielded twisted pair cable. One of the T3 coaxial cables is transmit, the other is receive. T3 is a full duplex circuit, meaning that transmit and receive are independent and both run at the 45 Mbps rate. If you don't need all those little channels to support phone calls or modem connections, unchannelized T3 gives you one big data pipe with a payload rate of 44.210 Mbps. This is similar to an unchannelized T1 line but with a much higher bandwidth.
The T3 line might stay as coaxial cable outside, but it is more likely to be carried on a fiber optic cable between your location and the carrier's office. It will likely be multiplexed onto a larger fiber optic carrier, even an OC48 or OC192, for long haul transmission.
Three to nine Mbps is your lowest cost option, which may well be to bond several T1 lines together to get the equivalent of a single larger circuit. Above that, fractional DS3 may be the better option until you need a full T3 or multiple T3 lines. Once you get to needing a 100 Mbps connection to carry your network traffic, OC3 or 100 Mbps Ethernet service on fiber optic cable should work for you.
If you are interested in a DS3 line, you should familiarize yourself with what it stands for and how it relates to T3. DS3 stands for Digital Signal level 3. That represents the procedure that runs on the physical T3 line. DS3 is a TDM or Time Division Multiplexed synchronous format is how it is described. The system runs at 44.736 Mbps, which we usually call 45 Mbps for short. The transmission rate of 44.736 Mbps is not some arbitrary number. It has to be that speed so that DS1 signals that are carried on T1 lines can also be carried on T3 lines.
